〜んがため(に) / 〜んがための
n ga tame (ni) / n ga tame no
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
in order to … (a strongly desired purpose)
〜んがために is a very literary "in order to". The ん is the classical volitional (= よう), so 実現せんがために = "in order to realise (something one is determined about)". It attaches to the ない-stem: 生きんがため, 勝たんがため; する becomes せんがため. Before a noun: 〜んがための.
Formal written Japanese with a dramatic tone: essays, speeches, literature. The purpose is something the subject wants with great determination, often survival, victory or a dream. In ordinary writing, ために is used.
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
Vない-stem + んがため(に)する → せんがため(に)Vない-stem + んがための + NMain clause: what was done to achieve the purpose
Visual diagram
verb + ん (classical よう)
ない-stem + ん
- + んがために生きんがためにin order to live
- + んがための勝たんがための手段means for the sake of winning
- + んばかり泣かんばかりas if about to cry (related pattern)
- + んとする沈まんとするbe about to sink (related pattern)
Natural examples
彼は夢を実現せんがために、あらゆる努力をした。
かれはゆめをじつげんせんがために、あらゆるどりょくをした。
He made every effort in order to realize his dream.
する → せんがために. A strongly desired dream.
生きんがために、彼らは故郷を捨てた。
いきんがために、かれらはこきょうをすてた。
In order to survive, they abandoned their hometown.
生きんがために: survival as the purpose.
勝たんがための手段は選ばないという態度は問題だ。
かたんがためのしゅだんはえらばないというたいどはもんだいだ。
The attitude of using any means in order to win is a problem.
Adnominal んがための + 手段.
彼は家族を養わんがために、昼も夜も働いた。
かれはかぞくをやしなわんがために、ひるもよるもはたらいた。
In order to support his family, he worked day and night.
養う → 養わんがため.
真実を伝えんがための報道でなければならない。
しんじつをつたえんがためのほうどうでなければならない。
Reporting must be for the sake of conveying the truth.
伝える → 伝えんがための.
Similar grammar and the difference
Also formal "in order to", but calmer and more common in news; んがため is more literary and emotional. Compare side by side
Same classical ん, different meaning: "as if about to". Compare side by side
Same ん: "be about to / try to". Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 勝つんがために
- ✓
- 勝たんがために
- Why
- Attach ん to the ない-stem: 勝た + ん.
- ✗
- するんがため
- ✓
- せんがため
- Why
- する becomes せん.
- ✗
- 買い物をせんがために、店に行った。
- ✓
- 買い物をするために、店に行った。
- Why
- Trivial purposes do not suit this dramatic pattern.
The purpose is weighty: 生きる・勝つ・守る・実現する・救う. It gives prose a solemn, old-fashioned ring; use sparingly. Remember the three ん patterns together: んがため (purpose), んばかり (as if about to), んとする (about to / try to).
JLPT N1 tips
On the exam
- A blank after a ない-stem + ん followed by a determined action → がため(に).
- Check conjugation options: せんがため for する, 勝たんがため for 勝つ.
- Distractors: べく, んばかりに, んとして. Only んがため expresses purpose.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜んがため(に) / 〜んがための mean?
in order to … (a strongly desired purpose). 〜んがために is a very literary "in order to". The ん is the classical volitional (= よう), so 実現せんがために = "in order to realise (something one is determined about)". It attaches to the ない-stem: 生きんがため, 勝たんがため; する becomes せんがため. Before a noun: 〜んがための.
How do you form 〜んがため(に) / 〜んがための?
Vない-stem + んがため(に) / する → せんがため(に) / Vない-stem + んがための + N / Main clause: what was done to achieve the purpose. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜んがため(に) / 〜んがための used?
Formal written Japanese with a dramatic tone: essays, speeches, literature. The purpose is something the subject wants with great determination, often survival, victory or a dream. In ordinary writing, ために is used.
What is the difference between 〜んがため(に) / 〜んがための and 〜べく?
Also formal "in order to", but calmer and more common in news; んがため is more literary and emotional.
What is the difference between 〜んがため(に) / 〜んがための and 〜んばかり(に)?
Same classical ん, different meaning: "as if about to".
What is a common mistake with 〜んがため(に) / 〜んがための?
Wrong: 勝つんがために Right: 勝たんがために Attach ん to the ない-stem: 勝た + ん.
Quick check
彼女は夢を( )、故郷を離れた。