〜べく
beku
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
in order to …
〜べく is a formal way to say "in order to": 新製品を開発すべく (in order to develop a new product). It is the continuative form of べし, and it presents the purpose as a duty or a strong intention. The main clause states what was done to achieve it.
Formal written Japanese: news, company statements, biographies, formal speeches. The subject of both clauses is the same, and the main clause cannot be a command, request or invitation. In speech, 〜ために or 〜ように are used instead.
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
Vる + べくする → すべく (するべく is also seen)Vるべく + main clause (past action or ongoing effort)
Visual diagram
- Step 1新製品を開発するために、チームが結成されたa team was formed in order to develop a new product (neutral)
- Step 2新製品を開発すべく、チームが結成されたsame meaning, formal and purposeful (written, news style)
Natural examples
新製品を開発すべく、研究チームが結成された。
しんせいひんをかいはつすべく、けんきゅうチームがけっせいされた。
A research team was formed in order to develop a new product.
すべく is the standard form of する + べく in formal writing.
彼は父の期待に応えるべく、必死に勉強した。
かれはちちのきたいにこたえるべく、ひっしにべんきょうした。
He studied desperately in order to live up to his father's expectations.
応えるべく: the purpose (living up to expectations) drives the effort.
真相を明らかにすべく、調査が始まった。
しんそうをあきらかにすべく、ちょうさがはじまった。
An investigation began in order to bring the truth to light.
明らかにすべく: news style. The main clause reports what began.
優勝すべく、チーム全員が猛練習を重ねた。
ゆうしょうすべく、チームぜんいんがもうれんしゅうをかさねた。
In order to win the championship, the whole team trained furiously.
Same subject in both clauses; past effort.
環境への負担を減らすべく、当社は再生可能エネルギーの導入を進めている。
かんきょうへのふたんをへらすべく、とうしゃはさいせいかのうエネルギーのどうにゅうをすすめている。
In order to reduce the burden on the environment, our company is promoting renewable energy.
Corporate statement style.
Similar grammar and the difference
Also formal "in order to", but even more literary and with a stronger sense of desire. Compare side by side
Same べく but a different meaning: "cannot possibly". Compare side by side
The prohibition form of the same べし family. Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 合格すべく、頑張ってください。
- ✓
- 合格できるよう、頑張ってください。
- Why
- The main clause after べく cannot be a request or command.
- ✗
- 彼が合格すべく、私は教えた。
- ✓
- 彼が合格できるように、私は教えた。
- Why
- The subject of both clauses must be the same; here the goal belongs to another person, so use ように.
- ✗
- 勉強するべくに、図書館へ行った。
- ✓
- 勉強すべく、図書館へ行った。
- Why
- No に after べく; and する usually becomes すべく in formal text.
べく sounds determined and official; it is a favourite in press releases and sports reports. It cannot be followed by expressions of will directed at others (〜てください, 〜ましょう). Keep the purpose and the action in one subject: I did Y in order to X.
JLPT N1 tips
On the exam
- When the blank sits between a purpose verb and a past action by the same subject in a formal sentence, べく is the answer.
- Distractors: べからず, べくもない, ように. Eliminate べからず (prohibition) and べくもない (impossible) by meaning.
- する + べく appears as すべく in most keys; recognise it as a single chunk in 並べ替え.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜べく mean?
in order to …. 〜べく is a formal way to say "in order to": 新製品を開発すべく (in order to develop a new product). It is the continuative form of べし, and it presents the purpose as a duty or a strong intention. The main clause states what was done to achieve it.
How do you form 〜べく?
Vる + べく / する → すべく (するべく is also seen) / Vるべく + main clause (past action or ongoing effort). V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜べく used?
Formal written Japanese: news, company statements, biographies, formal speeches. The subject of both clauses is the same, and the main clause cannot be a command, request or invitation. In speech, 〜ために or 〜ように are used instead.
What is the difference between 〜べく and 〜んがため(に)?
Also formal "in order to", but even more literary and with a stronger sense of desire.
What is the difference between 〜べく and 〜べくもない?
Same べく but a different meaning: "cannot possibly".
What is a common mistake with 〜べく?
Wrong: 合格すべく、頑張ってください。 Right: 合格できるよう、頑張ってください。 The main clause after べく cannot be a request or command.
Quick check
彼は失った信頼を取り戻す( )、一から出直すことにした。