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道Nihongo Path

〜べく

beku

By Nihongo PathUpdated

Meaning

in order to …

〜べく is a formal way to say "in order to": 新製品を開発すべく (in order to develop a new product). It is the continuative form of べし, and it presents the purpose as a duty or a strong intention. The main clause states what was done to achieve it.

Formal written Japanese: news, company statements, biographies, formal speeches. The subject of both clauses is the same, and the main clause cannot be a command, request or invitation. In speech, 〜ために or 〜ように are used instead.

Formation

V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

  • Vる + べく
  • する → すべく (するべく is also seen)
  • Vるべく + main clause (past action or ongoing effort)

Visual diagram

  1. Step 1新製品を開発するために、チームが結成されたa team was formed in order to develop a new product (neutral)
  2. Step 2新製品を開発すべく、チームが結成されたsame meaning, formal and purposeful (written, news style)

Natural examples

  1. 新製品を開発すべく、研究チームが結成された。

    しんせいひんをかいはつすべく、けんきゅうチームがけっせいされた。

    A research team was formed in order to develop a new product.

    すべく is the standard form of する + べく in formal writing.

  2. 彼は父の期待に応えるべく、必死に勉強した。

    かれはちちのきたいにこたえるべく、ひっしにべんきょうした。

    He studied desperately in order to live up to his father's expectations.

    応えるべく: the purpose (living up to expectations) drives the effort.

  3. 真相を明らかにすべく、調査が始まった。

    しんそうをあきらかにすべく、ちょうさがはじまった。

    An investigation began in order to bring the truth to light.

    明らかにすべく: news style. The main clause reports what began.

  4. 優勝すべく、チーム全員が猛練習を重ねた。

    ゆうしょうすべく、チームぜんいんがもうれんしゅうをかさねた。

    In order to win the championship, the whole team trained furiously.

    Same subject in both clauses; past effort.

  5. 環境への負担を減らすべく、当社は再生可能エネルギーの導入を進めている。

    かんきょうへのふたんをへらすべく、とうしゃはさいせいかのうエネルギーのどうにゅうをすすめている。

    In order to reduce the burden on the environment, our company is promoting renewable energy.

    Corporate statement style.

Similar grammar and the difference

Common mistakes

  • ✗
    合格すべく、頑張ってください。
    ✓
    合格できるよう、頑張ってください。
    Why
    The main clause after べく cannot be a request or command.
  • ✗
    彼が合格すべく、私は教えた。
    ✓
    彼が合格できるように、私は教えた。
    Why
    The subject of both clauses must be the same; here the goal belongs to another person, so use ように.
  • ✗
    勉強するべくに、図書館へ行った。
    ✓
    勉強すべく、図書館へ行った。
    Why
    No に after べく; and する usually becomes すべく in formal text.

べく sounds determined and official; it is a favourite in press releases and sports reports. It cannot be followed by expressions of will directed at others (〜てください, 〜ましょう). Keep the purpose and the action in one subject: I did Y in order to X.

JLPT N1 tips

On the exam

  • When the blank sits between a purpose verb and a past action by the same subject in a formal sentence, べく is the answer.
  • Distractors: べからず, べくもない, ように. Eliminate べからず (prohibition) and べくもない (impossible) by meaning.
  • する + べく appears as すべく in most keys; recognise it as a single chunk in 並べ替え.

Frequently asked questions

What does 〜べく mean?

in order to …. 〜べく is a formal way to say "in order to": 新製品を開発すべく (in order to develop a new product). It is the continuative form of べし, and it presents the purpose as a duty or a strong intention. The main clause states what was done to achieve it.

How do you form 〜べく?

Vる + べく / する → すべく (するべく is also seen) / Vるべく + main clause (past action or ongoing effort). V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

When is 〜べく used?

Formal written Japanese: news, company statements, biographies, formal speeches. The subject of both clauses is the same, and the main clause cannot be a command, request or invitation. In speech, 〜ために or 〜ように are used instead.

What is the difference between 〜べく and 〜んがため(に)?

Also formal "in order to", but even more literary and with a stronger sense of desire.

What is the difference between 〜べく and 〜べくもない?

Same べく but a different meaning: "cannot possibly".

What is a common mistake with 〜べく?

Wrong: 合格すべく、頑張ってください。 Right: 合格できるよう、頑張ってください。 The main clause after べく cannot be a request or command.

Quick check

1 / 5Multiple choiceDifficulty 4 of 5

彼は失った信頼を取り戻す(  )、一から出直すことにした。