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Lesson 52 of 156

〜たとたん(に)

ta totan (ni)

By Nihongo PathUpdated

Meaning

the moment… / just as… (something unexpected happened)

〜たとたん(に) means "the moment (X) happened, (Y) happened". Y follows X almost instantly and usually surprises the speaker: the moment I stood up, I felt dizzy; the moment the door opened, the cat ran out. Because it describes something the speaker observed, the second half is a past fact, never a plan or command.

Both spoken and written, neutral. Typical situations: narrating surprising sequences, accidents, sudden changes of weather, reactions of people. The kanji 途端 is sometimes used.

Formation

V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

  • Verb (た-form) + とたん(に)
  • Second clause: past tense, an unexpected event outside the speaker's control
  • Not used with intentions (〜よう), commands, or requests in the second clause

Visual diagram

  1. Step 1立ち上がったI stood up (completed action)
  2. Step 2立ち上がったとたんthe very moment I stood up…
  3. Step 3立ち上がったとたん、めまいがした…I felt dizzy (sudden, unexpected result)

Natural examples

  1. 立ち上がったとたん、めまいがした。

    たちあがったとたん、めまいがした。

    The moment I stood up, I felt dizzy.

  2. ドアを開けたとたんに、猫が飛び出してきた。

    ドアをあけたとたんに、ねこがとびだしてきた。

    The moment I opened the door, the cat shot out.

  3. 彼女は私の顔を見たとたん、泣き出した。

    かのじょはわたしのかおをみたとたん、なきだした。

    The moment she saw my face, she burst into tears.

  4. 電車が駅に着いたとたん、大雨が降り出した。

    でんしゃがえきについたとたん、おおあめがふりだした。

    Just as the train arrived at the station, it started pouring.

  5. 薬を飲んだとたんに、眠くなってしまった。

    くすりをのんだとたんに、ねむくなってしまった。

    As soon as I took the medicine, I got sleepy.

Similar grammar and the difference

Common mistakes

  • ✗
    家に着いたとたん、電話します。
    ✓
    家に着き次第、電話します。
    Why
    A plan or promise after "as soon as" needs 次第 (or たら). とたん describes an observed past event.
  • ✗
    家に着くとたん、雨が降り出した。
    ✓
    家に着いたとたん、雨が降り出した。
    Why
    とたん attaches only to the た-form.
  • ✗
    試験が終わったとたん、遊びに行こう。
    ✓
    試験が終わったら、遊びに行こう。
    Why
    The second clause cannot be a volitional or invitation; とたん needs an unexpected past fact.

The second clause is often a sudden start: 〜出した, 〜始めた, 〜てきた, or a sudden change of state. とたん and とたんに are interchangeable; に adds a little emphasis on the timing. Because the event is unexpected, the first and second clauses usually have different subjects or an involuntary result.

JLPT N2 tips

On the exam

  • In 文法形式の判断, if the second clause is a past unexpected event, choose とたん; if it is a plan or request, choose 次第 or たら.
  • Distractors: 次第, か〜ないかのうちに, と思うと, 最中に. Check the form before the blank (た-form) and the ending (past fact).
  • In 並べ替え, the chunk たとたん follows a た-form verb and precedes a clause with 出した / 始めた.

Frequently asked questions

What does 〜たとたん(に) mean?

the moment… / just as… (something unexpected happened). 〜たとたん(に) means "the moment (X) happened, (Y) happened". Y follows X almost instantly and usually surprises the speaker: the moment I stood up, I felt dizzy; the moment the door opened, the cat ran out. Because it describes something the speaker observed, the second half is a past fact, never a plan or command.

How do you form 〜たとたん(に)?

Verb (た-form) + とたん(に) / Second clause: past tense, an unexpected event outside the speaker's control / Not used with intentions (〜よう), commands, or requests in the second clause. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

When is 〜たとたん(に) used?

Both spoken and written, neutral. Typical situations: narrating surprising sequences, accidents, sudden changes of weather, reactions of people. The kanji 途端 is sometimes used.

What is the difference between 〜たとたん(に) and 〜か〜ないかのうちに?

"Almost before X finished" – two events overlap; no requirement that Y is unexpected.

What is the difference between 〜たとたん(に) and 〜(か)と思うと / 〜(か)と思ったら?

"No sooner had X than Y" – also sudden, often with a feeling of surprise at how fast things changed.

What is a common mistake with 〜たとたん(に)?

Wrong: 家に着いたとたん、電話します。 Right: 家に着き次第、電話します。 A plan or promise after "as soon as" needs 次第 (or たら). とたん describes an observed past event.

Quick check

1 / 7Multiple choiceDifficulty 2 of 5

窓を開けた(  )、冷たい風が入ってきた。