〜とか
toka
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
I hear that, they say (vague hearsay)
Sentence-final 〜とか reports something heard without being sure of the details: 田中さんは来月結婚するとか (I hear Tanaka is getting married). It is vaguer than そうだ and can sound like gossip. 〜とか聞いた makes the hearsay explicit; 〜とかで means 'apparently because'.
Casual to neutral speech. Not used in formal writing, where によると〜ということだ is preferred. Do not confuse it with the listing とか (パンとかご飯とか).
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
Plain form + とか (sentence-final)Plain form + とか聞いた / とか言っていたPlain form + とかで (apparently because)Noun + だとか
Visual diagram
〜そうだ / 〜ということだ
reported clearly from a source
〜らしい
seems, based on what one heard
〜とか
I hear vaguely; not sure of details
〜とかいう
something called / someone called (very vague)
〜そうだ / 〜ということだ
reported clearly from a source
〜らしい
seems, based on what one heard
〜とか
I hear vaguely; not sure of details
〜とかいう
something called / someone called (very vague)
Natural examples
田中さんは来月結婚するとか。
たなかさんはらいげつけっこんするとか。
I hear Tanaka is getting married next month.
Vague hearsay about a marriage.
明日は大雪になるとか聞いた。
あしたはおおゆきになるとかきいた。
I heard something about heavy snow tomorrow.
とか聞いた: explicit 'I heard something like'.
彼は会社を辞めたとかで、連絡が取れない。
かれはかいしゃをやめたとかで、れんらくがとれない。
He apparently quit the company or something, and I can't reach him.
とかで: apparently because.
あの店、来月閉店するとか。
あのみせ、らいげつへいてんするとか。
I hear that shop is closing next month.
Casual, unfinished sentence typical of とか.
彼女は忙しいとかで、パーティーには来ないらしい。
かのじょはいそがしいとかで、パーティーにはこないらしい。
She apparently is busy or something, and won't come to the party.
とかで + らしい: two layers of vagueness.
Similar grammar and the difference
〜そうだ (hearsay)
Clear report; とか is vague and less certain.
〜らしい
Inference from what one heard; a bit more confident than とか.
Marks the source explicitly. Compare side by side
〜とか〜とか (listing)
Different function: 'things like A and B'.
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 報告書:売上が減ったとか。
- ✓
- 報告書:売上が減ったということである。
- Why
- とか is too casual and vague for a report.
- ✗
- 彼は来ないとかそうだ。
- ✓
- 彼は来ないとか。/ 彼は来ないそうだ。
- Why
- Do not stack とか and そうだ.
- ✗
- 忙しいとかで、休む。(with certainty)
- ✓
- 忙しいので、休む。
- Why
- とかで implies you are not sure of the reason; do not use it for facts you know.
A sentence ending in とか often trails off, inviting the listener to react. Noun + だとか: 社長だとか. 〜とかいう人 = someone called…(vague name).
JLPT N2 tips
On the exam
- If the sentence is casual hearsay with a trailing ending, choose とか.
- Distinguish hearsay とか (after a clause, sentence-final) from listing とか (between nouns).
- Distractors include そうだ, らしい, ということだ. Register and certainty decide.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜とか mean?
I hear that, they say (vague hearsay). Sentence-final 〜とか reports something heard without being sure of the details: 田中さんは来月結婚するとか (I hear Tanaka is getting married). It is vaguer than そうだ and can sound like gossip. 〜とか聞いた makes the hearsay explicit; 〜とかで means 'apparently because'.
How do you form 〜とか?
Plain form + とか (sentence-final) / Plain form + とか聞いた / とか言っていた / Plain form + とかで (apparently because) / Noun + だとか. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜とか used?
Casual to neutral speech. Not used in formal writing, where によると〜ということだ is preferred. Do not confuse it with the listing とか (パンとかご飯とか).
What is the difference between 〜とか and 〜そうだ (hearsay)?
Clear report; とか is vague and less certain.
What is the difference between 〜とか and 〜らしい?
Inference from what one heard; a bit more confident than とか.
What is a common mistake with 〜とか?
Wrong: 報告書:売上が減ったとか。 Right: 報告書:売上が減ったということである。 とか is too casual and vague for a report.
Quick check
部長は来年、海外の支社に転勤する( )。