〜のに (purpose / utility) "for the purpose of / to"
noni (mokuteki)
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
Indicates what something is used or needed for — usually with 使う, 便利だ, 必要だ, かかる, いい.
This のに is の (making the verb a noun) + に (for). It says what something is used for or needed for: このはさみは紙を切るのに使います = these scissors are used for cutting paper. It nearly always goes with a small set of predicates: 使う (use), 便利だ (handy), 必要だ (necessary), いい (good), and 時間・お金がかかる (takes time / money). A noun takes に alone: 旅行に便利だ.
Describing tools, apps, places and costs: 駅まで行くのに三十分かかる (it takes 30 minutes to get to the station), この辞書は漢字を調べるのに便利だ. Used at every level of politeness. It is not for a person's goal in general; that is ために.
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
V-dictionary + のに + 使う / 便利だ / 必要だ / いい / かかるNoun + に + the same predicates: 旅行に便利だ, 料理に使うThe verb before のに is in the dictionary form
Visual diagram
| Aspect | Typical ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
| V-dict + のに | 使う / 便利だ / 必要だ / かかる / いい | 紙を切るのに使う |
| V-dict + ために | any action by the same person | 日本で働くために勉強する |
| V-potential + ように | any action, goal is a state | 話せるように練習する |
Natural examples
このはさみは紙を切るのに使います。
この はさみは かみを きるのに つかいます。
These scissors are used for cutting paper.
のに + 使う: what the tool is for.
駅まで行くのに三十分かかる。
えきまで いくのに さんじゅっぷん かかる。
It takes 30 minutes to get to the station.
のに + かかる: time needed for an action.
この辞書は漢字を調べるのに便利だ。
この じしょは かんじを しらべるのに べんりだ。
This dictionary is handy for looking up kanji.
のに + 便利だ: what the item is handy for.
このアプリは日本語を勉強するのにとても役に立ちます。
このアプリは にほんごを べんきょうするのに とても やくにたちます。
This app is very useful for studying Japanese.
役に立つ (be useful) is another predicate that pairs with のに.
この料理を作るのに、二時間もかかった。
このりょうりを つくるのに、にじかんも かかった。
It took a whole two hours to make this dish.
のに + かかる with も stressing the long time.
Similar grammar and the difference
ために gives a person's goal and can be followed by any action. のに only works with 使う / 便利 / 必要 / かかる / いい-type predicates. Compare side by side
The same letters mean "although" when the main clause is a surprising result. Look at what follows: 使う / かかる = purpose; a disappointing fact = contrast. Compare side by side
This のに is built from the nominaliser の. It is の + the particle に. Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 日本で働くのに、日本語を勉強しています。
- ✓
- 日本で働くために、日本語を勉強しています。
- Why
- A general action as the main clause needs ために. のに is only for use / need / cost.
- ✗
- このかばんは旅行のに便利だ。
- ✓
- このかばんは旅行に便利だ。
- Why
- A noun takes に directly; のに is for verbs.
- ✗
- 紙を切ったのに使います。
- ✓
- 紙を切るのに使います。
- Why
- The purpose のに takes the dictionary form, not the past.
Memorise the partner words: 使う, 便利だ, 必要だ, いい, 役に立つ, かかる. If the sentence ends with one of these, のに is likely. Nouns: 何に使いますか (What is it used for?) ; verbs: 何をするのに使いますか. A comma after のに is common with かかる (行くのに、三十分かかる) but not required.
JLPT N4 tips
On the exam
- If the sentence ends with 使う / 便利だ / 必要だ / かかる, choose のに over ために even though both look like purpose.
- The contrast のに has a surprising or negative main clause; the purpose のに has a neutral statement about use or cost. Read the end of the sentence first.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜のに (purpose / utility) "for the purpose of / to" mean?
Indicates what something is used or needed for — usually with 使う, 便利だ, 必要だ, かかる, いい. This のに is の (making the verb a noun) + に (for). It says what something is used for or needed for: このはさみは紙を切るのに使います = these scissors are used for cutting paper. It nearly always goes with a small set of predicates: 使う (use), 便利だ (handy), 必要だ (necessary), いい (good), and 時間・お金がかかる (takes time / money). A noun takes に alone: 旅行に便利だ.
How do you form 〜のに (purpose / utility) "for the purpose of / to"?
V-dictionary + のに + 使う / 便利だ / 必要だ / いい / かかる / Noun + に + the same predicates: 旅行に便利だ, 料理に使う / The verb before のに is in the dictionary form. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜のに (purpose / utility) "for the purpose of / to" used?
Describing tools, apps, places and costs: 駅まで行くのに三十分かかる (it takes 30 minutes to get to the station), この辞書は漢字を調べるのに便利だ. Used at every level of politeness. It is not for a person's goal in general; that is ために.
What is the difference between 〜のに (purpose / utility) "for the purpose of / to" and 〜ために?
ために gives a person's goal and can be followed by any action. のに only works with 使う / 便利 / 必要 / かかる / いい-type predicates.
What is the difference between 〜のに (purpose / utility) "for the purpose of / to" and 〜のに (contrast)?
The same letters mean "although" when the main clause is a surprising result. Look at what follows: 使う / かかる = purpose; a disappointing fact = contrast.
What is a common mistake with 〜のに (purpose / utility) "for the purpose of / to"?
Wrong: 日本で働くのに、日本語を勉強しています。 Right: 日本で働くために、日本語を勉強しています。 A general action as the main clause needs ために. のに is only for use / need / cost.
Quick check
このナイフは肉を( )使います。