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Lesson 39 of 133

〜とたん(に) / 〜途端に

totan ni

By Nihongo PathUpdated

Meaning

The moment… / just as… (something sudden happened)

〜とたん(に) means that the instant one thing happened, something else happened, usually sudden and unexpected: ドアを開けたとたん、猫が飛び出した = the moment I opened the door, the cat jumped out. It always attaches to the た-form and the second event is not something the speaker planned.

Narration, stories, describing surprises. Not for future plans or intentions.

Formation

V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

  • Verb (た form) + とたん(に)
  • Main clause: a sudden past event, not an intention
  • Written: 〜途端(に)

Visual diagram

  1. ドアを開けたtrigger (た-form)
  2. とたん、the moment
  3. 猫が飛び出した。sudden, uncontrolled result
The moment I opened the door, the cat jumped out.

Natural examples

  1. ドアを開けたとたん、猫が飛び出した。

    ドアをあけたとたん、ねこがとびだした。

    The moment I opened the door, the cat jumped out.

    た-form + とたん + a sudden event.

  2. 立ち上がったとたんに、めまいがした。

    たちあがったとたんに、めまいがした。

    As soon as I stood up, I felt dizzy.

    Physical reaction that could not be controlled.

  3. 彼女はそれを聞いたとたん、泣き出した。

    かのじょはそれをきいたとたん、なきだした。

    The moment she heard it, she burst into tears.

    Emotional reaction immediately after hearing something.

  4. 電車のドアが閉まったとたんに、忘れ物に気がついた。

    でんしゃのドアがしまったとたんに、わすれものにきがついた。

    The moment the train doors closed, I realized I'd forgotten something.

    Classic "too late" timing.

  5. ベッドに入ったとたん、眠ってしまった。

    ベッドにはいったとたん、ねむってしまった。

    The moment I got into bed, I fell asleep.

    しまった adds the unintended feeling.

Similar grammar and the difference

  • 〜ところに

    Someone arrives into a situation; takes several verb forms. とたんに is only た-form + sudden event. Compare side by side

  • 〜と同時に

    "At the same time", neutral; no surprise.

  • 〜(た)途端 vs 〜てすぐ

    〜てすぐ is a neutral "right after" and can take intentions: 着いてすぐ電話した.

Common mistakes

  • ✗
    家に着いたとたんに、電話しよう。
    ✓
    家に着いたらすぐ、電話しよう。
    Why
    とたんに cannot be followed by an intention or plan.
  • ✗
    ドアを開けるとたん
    ✓
    ドアを開けたとたん
    Why
    Always the た-form.
  • ✗
    薬を飲んだとたんに、だんだん良くなった。
    ✓
    薬を飲んでから、だんだん良くなった。
    Why
    とたんに needs an instant change; だんだん (gradually) contradicts it.

The main clause is a sudden, uncontrolled event in the past; not used for the speaker's intended action (x 着いたとたんに電話しよう). Compare 〜と同時に (simultaneously, neutral) and 〜てすぐ. Often used with 急に / 突然 in the main clause, though they are not required.

JLPT N3 tips

On the exam

  • た-form before the blank + a sudden, uncontrolled past event after it = とたんに.
  • If the main clause is a plan, request, or gradual change, とたんに is wrong.
  • ところに and 最中に are frequent distractors; とたんに is the only one that requires V-た and instant timing.

Frequently asked questions

What does 〜とたん(に) / 〜途端に mean?

The moment… / just as… (something sudden happened). 〜とたん(に) means that the instant one thing happened, something else happened, usually sudden and unexpected: ドアを開けたとたん、猫が飛び出した = the moment I opened the door, the cat jumped out. It always attaches to the た-form and the second event is not something the speaker planned.

How do you form 〜とたん(に) / 〜途端に?

Verb (た form) + とたん(に) / Main clause: a sudden past event, not an intention / Written: 〜途端(に). V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

When is 〜とたん(に) / 〜途端に used?

Narration, stories, describing surprises. Not for future plans or intentions.

What is the difference between 〜とたん(に) / 〜途端に and 〜ところに?

Someone arrives into a situation; takes several verb forms. とたんに is only た-form + sudden event.

What is the difference between 〜とたん(に) / 〜途端に and 〜と同時に?

"At the same time", neutral; no surprise.

What is a common mistake with 〜とたん(に) / 〜途端に?

Wrong: 家に着いたとたんに、電話しよう。 Right: 家に着いたらすぐ、電話しよう。 とたんに cannot be followed by an intention or plan.

Quick check

1 / 5Multiple choiceDifficulty 2 of 5

窓を開けた(  )、冷たい風が入ってきた。