〜なら (conditional) "if it's the case that / as for"
nara (jouken)
By Nihongo PathUpdated
Meaning
Takes up what the listener said or a topic and gives advice or a reaction: "if (you say) X, then…"
〜なら means "if that's the case" or "as for". It picks up something the listener said or a topic in the air, and then gives advice, an opinion or a decision: 日本語を勉強するなら、この本がいいですよ = "If you're going to study Japanese, this book is good". A special point: the action after なら can happen BEFORE the condition (行くなら、切符を買っておきなさい = buy the ticket before you go).
Responding to what someone just said (A: 京都に行きたい。B: 京都なら秋がいいよ), recommending (パソコンなら、あの店が安い), and giving advice about a plan the other person has (車を買うなら、中古がいい). Not used for natural sequences like "when spring comes".
Formation
V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
Noun + なら: 北海道なら, 田中さんならな-adjective + なら: 静かなら, 好きならVerb plain form + (の)なら: 行くなら, 行かないなら, 行ったならい-adjective + (の)なら: 高いならMain clause: advice, opinion, request, decision; may precede the condition in time
Visual diagram
| Aspect | Order of events | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 日本へ行ったら、着物を買う | go → then buy | I'll buy a kimono after arriving in Japan |
| 日本へ行くなら、着物を買っておく | buy → then go | If you're going to Japan, buy a kimono beforehand |
| 京都なら、秋がきれいだ | topic → reaction | If it's Kyoto (you mean), autumn is beautiful |
Natural examples
日本語を勉強するなら、この本がいいですよ。
にほんごを べんきょうするなら、この ほんが いいですよ。
If you're going to study Japanese, this book is good.
Advice on the listener's plan.
北海道なら、冬が一番きれいです。
ほっかいどうなら、ふゆが いちばん きれいです。
If it's Hokkaido, winter is the most beautiful.
Noun + なら: 'as for Hokkaido'.
行くなら、早く行きなさい。
いくなら、はやく いきなさい。
If you're going, go quickly.
Command after なら; the going has not started yet.
A:安いパソコンがほしいんですが。 B:パソコンなら、駅前の店が安いですよ。
A:やすい パソコンが ほしいんですが。 B:パソコンなら、えきまえの みせが やすいですよ。
A: I want a cheap computer. B: If it's a computer you want, the shop in front of the station is cheap.
なら picks up the listener's topic and gives a recommendation.
そんなに疲れているなら、今日は早く帰ったほうがいいよ。
そんなに つかれているなら、きょうは はやく かえったほうが いいよ。
If you're that tired, you'd better go home early today.
Verb + なら: reacting to what the listener seems to be saying.
Similar grammar and the difference
たら: condition happens first, then result. なら: result may come first; it is about reacting to a topic. Compare side by side
と is for automatic results and cannot give advice. なら is exactly for advice and reactions. Compare side by side
See the four conditionals side by side. Compare side by side
Common mistakes
- ✗
- 春になるなら、桜が咲きます。
- ✓
- 春になると、桜が咲きます。
- Why
- Natural, automatic sequences use と or たら. なら is for topics and advice.
- ✗
- 日本へ行ったら、ガイドブックを買っておいたほうがいい。
- ✓
- 日本へ行くなら、ガイドブックを買っておいたほうがいい。
- Why
- Buying the guidebook happens BEFORE the trip, so なら is needed. たら would mean buying it after arriving.
- ✗
- 静かだなら、ここで勉強します。
- ✓
- 静かなら、ここで勉強します。
- Why
- な-adjectives and nouns attach directly (no だ) before なら.
なら often starts a reply: 「それなら…」 (in that case…), 「〜なら大丈夫」 (if it's X, no problem). N + なら is also a topic marker with a limiting sense: 英語なら話せます (if it's English, I can speak it, but maybe not other languages). The のなら / んなら form adds an explanatory tone in speech: 行くんなら、早く行きなよ.
JLPT N4 tips
On the exam
- Spot the pattern 'A says a wish or plan, B replies with advice': the reply almost always uses なら.
- If the main clause action must happen before the condition (買っておく, 予約しておく), なら is the only correct conditional.
Frequently asked questions
What does 〜なら (conditional) "if it's the case that / as for" mean?
Takes up what the listener said or a topic and gives advice or a reaction: "if (you say) X, then…". 〜なら means "if that's the case" or "as for". It picks up something the listener said or a topic in the air, and then gives advice, an opinion or a decision: 日本語を勉強するなら、この本がいいですよ = "If you're going to study Japanese, this book is good". A special point: the action after なら can happen BEFORE the condition (行くなら、切符を買っておきなさい = buy the ticket before you go).
How do you form 〜なら (conditional) "if it's the case that / as for"?
Noun + なら: 北海道なら, 田中さんなら / な-adjective + なら: 静かなら, 好きなら / Verb plain form + (の)なら: 行くなら, 行かないなら, 行ったなら / い-adjective + (の)なら: 高いなら / Main clause: advice, opinion, request, decision; may precede the condition in time. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.
When is 〜なら (conditional) "if it's the case that / as for" used?
Responding to what someone just said (A: 京都に行きたい。B: 京都なら秋がいいよ), recommending (パソコンなら、あの店が安い), and giving advice about a plan the other person has (車を買うなら、中古がいい). Not used for natural sequences like "when spring comes".
What is the difference between 〜なら (conditional) "if it's the case that / as for" and 〜たら?
たら: condition happens first, then result. なら: result may come first; it is about reacting to a topic.
What is the difference between 〜なら (conditional) "if it's the case that / as for" and 〜と?
と is for automatic results and cannot give advice. なら is exactly for advice and reactions.
What is a common mistake with 〜なら (conditional) "if it's the case that / as for"?
Wrong: 春になるなら、桜が咲きます。 Right: 春になると、桜が咲きます。 Natural, automatic sequences use と or たら. なら is for topics and advice.
Quick check
A:来週、大阪に行くんです。 B:大阪に( )、たこ焼きを食べてみてください。