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Lesson 73 of 110

〜なさい "do (polite command)"

nasai

By Nihongo PathUpdated

Meaning

Command used by parents to children, teachers to students, and in exam/textbook instructions.

V-ます stem + なさい is a polite-sounding command: 食べなさい (eat), 早く寝なさい (go to bed early). It is softer than the blunt imperative 食べろ, but it is still an order from someone above to someone below: parents to children, teachers to students, and written test instructions (答えなさい). The casual shortening 〜な (食べな) is heard in family talk. There is no negative なさい; use 〜てはいけません or 〜ないで.

Parents and teachers speaking to children and students, textbook and exam instructions (次の質問に答えなさい), and in the fixed greetings お帰りなさい, お休みなさい, ごめんなさい. Never use it to superiors, customers or adult acquaintances.

Formation

V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

  • V-ます stem + なさい: 食べる → 食べなさい, 書く → 書きなさい, 起きる → 起きなさい
  • Group 3: する → しなさい, 来る → 来なさい (きなさい)
  • Casual shortening: ます-stem + な: 食べな, 行きな (not the prohibitive 食べるな)
  • No negative form: use 〜ないで / 〜てはいけません / 〜るな
  • Fixed expressions: お帰りなさい, お休みなさい, ごめんなさい

Visual diagram

書く / 食べる / する / 来る

dictionary form

  1. + ます-stem + なさい書きなさいGroup 1: write (command)
  2. + ます-stem + なさい食べなさいGroup 2: eat (command)
  3. + する → しなさいしなさいGroup 3: do it
  4. + 来る → 来なさい来なさい (きなさい)Group 3: come here

Natural examples

  1. 早く寝なさい。

    はやく ねなさい。

    Go to bed early.

    Parent to child: 寝る → 寝 + なさい.

  2. 次の質問に答えなさい。

    つぎの しつもんに こたえなさい。

    Answer the following questions.

    Exam instruction: the standard written command in tests and textbooks.

  3. 静かにしなさい。

    しずかに しなさい。

    Be quiet.

    する → しなさい after the adverb 静かに.

  4. 宿題が終わってから、テレビを見なさい。

    しゅくだいが おわってから、テレビを みなさい。

    Watch TV after you finish your homework.

    見る → 見なさい. A parent laying down the order of events.

  5. 危ないから、こっちに来なさい。

    あぶないから、こっちに きなさい。

    It's dangerous, so come over here.

    来る → 来なさい (きなさい), the irregular stem.

Similar grammar and the difference

  • Imperative form

    The blunt command (食べろ). なさい is gentler and is the form used by mothers and teachers, but both are downward commands. Compare side by side

  • Prohibitive 〜な

    食べるな (don't eat) attaches to the dictionary form; the shortened なさい 食べな (eat) attaches to the ます-stem. Opposite meanings. Compare side by side

  • 〜てください

    The neutral request for anyone. Use it instead of なさい when the listener is not a child or student.

Common mistakes

  • ✗
    先生、ここに座りなさい。
    ✓
    先生、こちらにお座りください。
    Why
    なさい is a downward command. To a teacher use お〜ください or 〜てください.
  • ✗
    食べるなさい。
    ✓
    食べなさい。
    Why
    なさい attaches to the ます-stem, not the dictionary form.
  • ✗
    遊ばないなさい。
    ✓
    遊んではいけません。/ 遊ばないで。
    Why
    There is no negative なさい. Use a prohibition pattern instead.

In exam and textbook instructions なさい is neutral and expected: 選びなさい, 書きなさい, 答えなさい. The short form 〜な (行きな, 食べな) is friendly in family speech but easily confused with the prohibitive 行くな; the stem tells them apart. お帰りなさい and お休みなさい come from this pattern but are now simply greetings, not commands.

JLPT N4 tips

On the exam

  • If the situation is parent → child, teacher → student, or written instructions, and the options include ます-stem + なさい, that is the answer; dictionary form + なさい is always wrong.
  • Distinguish 〜な after the ます-stem (short なさい, "do it") from 〜な after the dictionary form ("don't") when both appear as options.

Frequently asked questions

What does 〜なさい "do (polite command)" mean?

Command used by parents to children, teachers to students, and in exam/textbook instructions. V-ます stem + なさい is a polite-sounding command: 食べなさい (eat), 早く寝なさい (go to bed early). It is softer than the blunt imperative 食べろ, but it is still an order from someone above to someone below: parents to children, teachers to students, and written test instructions (答えなさい). The casual shortening 〜な (食べな) is heard in family talk. There is no negative なさい; use 〜てはいけません or 〜ないで.

How do you form 〜なさい "do (polite command)"?

V-ます stem + なさい: 食べる → 食べなさい, 書く → 書きなさい, 起きる → 起きなさい / Group 3: する → しなさい, 来る → 来なさい (きなさい) / Casual shortening: ます-stem + な: 食べな, 行きな (not the prohibitive 食べるな) / No negative form: use 〜ないで / 〜てはいけません / 〜るな / Fixed expressions: お帰りなさい, お休みなさい, ごめんなさい. V = verb, N = noun, A = adjective.

When is 〜なさい "do (polite command)" used?

Parents and teachers speaking to children and students, textbook and exam instructions (次の質問に答えなさい), and in the fixed greetings お帰りなさい, お休みなさい, ごめんなさい. Never use it to superiors, customers or adult acquaintances.

What is the difference between 〜なさい "do (polite command)" and Imperative form?

The blunt command (食べろ). なさい is gentler and is the form used by mothers and teachers, but both are downward commands.

What is the difference between 〜なさい "do (polite command)" and Prohibitive 〜な?

食べるな (don't eat) attaches to the dictionary form; the shortened なさい 食べな (eat) attaches to the ます-stem. Opposite meanings.

What is a common mistake with 〜なさい "do (polite command)"?

Wrong: 先生、ここに座りなさい。 Right: 先生、こちらにお座りください。 なさい is a downward command. To a teacher use お〜ください or 〜てください.

Quick check

1 / 5Multiple choiceDifficulty 2 of 5

もう九時よ。早く(  )。